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Axiom ax-4 2135
Description: Axiom of Specialization. A quantified wff implies the wff without a quantifier (i.e. an instance, or special case, of the generalized wff). In other words if something is true for all , it is true for any specific (that would typically occur as a free variable in the wff substituted for ). (A free variable is one that does not occur in the scope of a quantifier: and are both free in , but only is free in .) This is one of the axioms of what we call "pure" predicate calculus (ax-4 2135 through ax-7 1734 plus rule ax-gen 1546). Axiom scheme C5' in [Megill] p. 448 (p. 16 of the preprint). Also appears as Axiom B5 of [Tarski] p. 67 (under his system S2, defined in the last paragraph on p. 77).

Note that the converse of this axiom does not hold in general, but a weaker inference form of the converse holds and is expressed as rule ax-gen 1546. Conditional forms of the converse are given by ax-12 1925, ax-15 2143, ax-16 2144, and ax-17 1616.

Unlike the more general textbook Axiom of Specialization, we cannot choose a variable different from for the special case. For use, that requires the assistance of equality axioms, and we deal with it later after we introduce the definition of proper substitution - see stdpc4 2024.

An interesting alternate axiomatization uses ax467 2169 and ax-5o 2136 in place of ax-4 2135, ax-5 1557, ax-6 1729, and ax-7 1734.

This axiom is obsolete and should no longer be used. It is proved above as theorem sp 1747. (Contributed by NM, 5-Aug-1993.) (New usage is discouraged.)

Assertion
Ref Expression
ax-4

Detailed syntax breakdown of Axiom ax-4
StepHypRef Expression
1 wph . . 3
2 vx . . 3
31, 2wal 1540 . 2
43, 1wi 4 1
Colors of variables: wff setvar class
This axiom is referenced by:  ax5  2146  ax6  2147  hba1-o  2149  hbae-o  2153  ax11  2155  ax12from12o  2156  equid1  2158  sps-o  2159  ax46  2162  ax67to6  2167  ax467  2169  ax11indalem  2197  ax11inda2ALT  2198
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