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Axiom ax-12 1925
Description: Axiom of Quantified Equality. One of the equality and substitution axioms of predicate calculus with equality.

An equivalent way to express this axiom that may be easier to understand is (see ax12b 1689). Recall that in the intended interpretation, our variables are metavariables ranging over the variables of predicate calculus (the object language). In order for the first antecedent to hold, and must have different values and thus cannot be the same object-language variable. Similarly, and cannot be the same object-language variable. Therefore, will not occur in the wff when the first two antecedents hold, so analogous to ax-17 1616, the conclusion follows.

The original version of this axiom was ax-12o 2142 and was replaced with this shorter ax-12 1925 in December 2015. The old axiom is proved from this one as theorem ax12o 1934. Conversely, this axiom is proved from ax-12o 2142 as theorem ax12 1935.

The primary purpose of this axiom is to provide a way to introduce the quantifier on even when and are substituted with the same variable. In this case, the first antecedent becomes and the axiom still holds.

Although this version is shorter, the original version ax12o 1934 may be more practical to work with because of the "distinctor" form of its antecedents. A typical application of ax12o 1934 is in dvelimh 1964 which converts a distinct variable pair to the distinctor antecendent .

This axiom can be weakened if desired by adding distinct variable restrictions on pairs and . To show that, we add these restrictions to theorem ax12v 1926 and use only ax12v 1926 for further derivations. Thus, ax12v 1926 should be the only theorem referencing this axiom. Other theorems can reference either ax12v 1926 or ax12o 1934.

This axiom scheme is logically redundant (see ax12w 1724) but is used as an auxiliary axiom to achieve metalogical completeness. (Contributed by NM, 21-Dec-2015.) (New usage is discouraged.)

Assertion
Ref Expression
ax-12

Detailed syntax breakdown of Axiom ax-12
StepHypRef Expression
1 vx . . . 4
2 vy . . . 4
31, 2weq 1643 . . 3
43wn 3 . 2
5 vz . . . 4
62, 5weq 1643 . . 3
76, 1wal 1540 . . 3
86, 7wi 4 . 2
94, 8wi 4 1
Colors of variables: wff setvar class
This axiom is referenced by:  ax12v  1926
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