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Type | Label | Description |
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Statement | ||
Theorem | ncoprmgcdne1b 15201* | Two positive integers are not coprime, i.e. there is an integer greater than 1 which divides both integers, iff their greatest common divisor is not 1. (Contributed by AV, 9-Aug-2020.) |
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ) → (∃𝑖 ∈ (ℤ≥‘2)(𝑖 ∥ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑖 ∥ 𝐵) ↔ (𝐴 gcd 𝐵) ≠ 1)) | ||
Theorem | ncoprmgcdgt1b 15202* | Two positive integers are not coprime, i.e. there is an integer greater than 1 which divides both integers, iff their greatest common divisor is greater than 1. (Contributed by AV, 9-Aug-2020.) |
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ) → (∃𝑖 ∈ (ℤ≥‘2)(𝑖 ∥ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑖 ∥ 𝐵) ↔ 1 < (𝐴 gcd 𝐵))) | ||
Theorem | coprmdvds1 15203 | If two positive integers are coprime, i.e. their greatest common divisor is 1, the only positive integer that divides both of them is 1. (Contributed by AV, 4-Aug-2021.) |
⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐺 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐹 gcd 𝐺) = 1) → ((𝐼 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐼 ∥ 𝐹 ∧ 𝐼 ∥ 𝐺) → 𝐼 = 1)) | ||
Theorem | coprmdvds 15204 | Euclid's Lemma (see ProofWiki "Euclid's Lemma", 10-Jul-2021, https://proofwiki.org/wiki/Euclid's_Lemma): If an integer divides the product of two integers and is coprime to one of them, then it divides the other. See also theorem 1.5 in [ApostolNT] p. 16. Generalization of euclemma 15263. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 22-Jun-2011.) (Proof shortened by AV, 10-Jul-2021.) |
⊢ ((𝐾 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ) → ((𝐾 ∥ (𝑀 · 𝑁) ∧ (𝐾 gcd 𝑀) = 1) → 𝐾 ∥ 𝑁)) | ||
Theorem | coprmdvdsOLD 15205 | If an integer divides the product of two integers and is coprime to one of them, then it divides the other. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 22-Jun-2011.) Obsolete version of coprmdvds 15204 as of 10-Jul-2021. (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) |
⊢ ((𝐾 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ) → ((𝐾 ∥ (𝑀 · 𝑁) ∧ (𝐾 gcd 𝑀) = 1) → 𝐾 ∥ 𝑁)) | ||
Theorem | coprmdvds2 15206 | If an integer is divisible by two coprime integers, then it is divisible by their product. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Feb-2014.) |
⊢ (((𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐾 ∈ ℤ) ∧ (𝑀 gcd 𝑁) = 1) → ((𝑀 ∥ 𝐾 ∧ 𝑁 ∥ 𝐾) → (𝑀 · 𝑁) ∥ 𝐾)) | ||
Theorem | mulgcddvds 15207 | One half of rpmulgcd2 15208, which does not need the coprimality assumption. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Jul-2015.) |
⊢ ((𝐾 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ) → (𝐾 gcd (𝑀 · 𝑁)) ∥ ((𝐾 gcd 𝑀) · (𝐾 gcd 𝑁))) | ||
Theorem | rpmulgcd2 15208 | If 𝑀 is relatively prime to 𝑁, then the GCD of 𝐾 with 𝑀 · 𝑁 is the product of the GCDs with 𝑀 and 𝑁 respectively. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Jul-2015.) |
⊢ (((𝐾 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ) ∧ (𝑀 gcd 𝑁) = 1) → (𝐾 gcd (𝑀 · 𝑁)) = ((𝐾 gcd 𝑀) · (𝐾 gcd 𝑁))) | ||
Theorem | qredeq 15209 | Two equal reduced fractions have the same numerator and denominator. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 29-Sep-2013.) |
⊢ (((𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝑀 gcd 𝑁) = 1) ∧ (𝑃 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑄 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝑃 gcd 𝑄) = 1) ∧ (𝑀 / 𝑁) = (𝑃 / 𝑄)) → (𝑀 = 𝑃 ∧ 𝑁 = 𝑄)) | ||
Theorem | qredeu 15210* | Every rational number has a unique reduced form. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 29-Sep-2013.) |
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℚ → ∃!𝑥 ∈ (ℤ × ℕ)(((1st ‘𝑥) gcd (2nd ‘𝑥)) = 1 ∧ 𝐴 = ((1st ‘𝑥) / (2nd ‘𝑥)))) | ||
Theorem | rpmul 15211 | If 𝐾 is relatively prime to 𝑀 and to 𝑁, it is also relatively prime to their product. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Feb-2014.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 2-Jul-2015.) |
⊢ ((𝐾 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ) → (((𝐾 gcd 𝑀) = 1 ∧ (𝐾 gcd 𝑁) = 1) → (𝐾 gcd (𝑀 · 𝑁)) = 1)) | ||
Theorem | rpdvds 15212 | If 𝐾 is relatively prime to 𝑁 then it is also relatively prime to any divisor 𝑀 of 𝑁. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 19-Jun-2015.) |
⊢ (((𝐾 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ) ∧ ((𝐾 gcd 𝑁) = 1 ∧ 𝑀 ∥ 𝑁)) → (𝐾 gcd 𝑀) = 1) | ||
Theorem | coprmprod 15213* | The product of the elements of a sequence of pairwise coprime positive integers is coprime to a positive integer which is coprime to all integers of the sequence. (Contributed by AV, 18-Aug-2020.) |
⊢ (((𝑀 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑀 ⊆ ℕ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ) ∧ 𝐹:ℕ⟶ℕ ∧ ∀𝑚 ∈ 𝑀 ((𝐹‘𝑚) gcd 𝑁) = 1) → (∀𝑚 ∈ 𝑀 ∀𝑛 ∈ (𝑀 ∖ {𝑚})((𝐹‘𝑚) gcd (𝐹‘𝑛)) = 1 → (∏𝑚 ∈ 𝑀 (𝐹‘𝑚) gcd 𝑁) = 1)) | ||
Theorem | coprmproddvdslem 15214* | Lemma for coprmproddvds 15215: Induction step. (Contributed by AV, 19-Aug-2020.) |
⊢ ((𝑦 ∈ Fin ∧ ¬ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑦) → ((((𝑦 ⊆ ℕ ∧ (𝐾 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐹:ℕ⟶ℕ)) ∧ (∀𝑚 ∈ 𝑦 ∀𝑛 ∈ (𝑦 ∖ {𝑚})((𝐹‘𝑚) gcd (𝐹‘𝑛)) = 1 ∧ ∀𝑚 ∈ 𝑦 (𝐹‘𝑚) ∥ 𝐾)) → ∏𝑚 ∈ 𝑦 (𝐹‘𝑚) ∥ 𝐾) → ((((𝑦 ∪ {𝑧}) ⊆ ℕ ∧ (𝐾 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐹:ℕ⟶ℕ)) ∧ (∀𝑚 ∈ (𝑦 ∪ {𝑧})∀𝑛 ∈ ((𝑦 ∪ {𝑧}) ∖ {𝑚})((𝐹‘𝑚) gcd (𝐹‘𝑛)) = 1 ∧ ∀𝑚 ∈ (𝑦 ∪ {𝑧})(𝐹‘𝑚) ∥ 𝐾)) → ∏𝑚 ∈ (𝑦 ∪ {𝑧})(𝐹‘𝑚) ∥ 𝐾))) | ||
Theorem | coprmproddvds 15215* | If a positive integer is divisible by each element of a set of pairwise coprime positive integers, then it is divisible by their product. (Contributed by AV, 19-Aug-2020.) |
⊢ (((𝑀 ⊆ ℕ ∧ 𝑀 ∈ Fin) ∧ (𝐾 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐹:ℕ⟶ℕ) ∧ (∀𝑚 ∈ 𝑀 ∀𝑛 ∈ (𝑀 ∖ {𝑚})((𝐹‘𝑚) gcd (𝐹‘𝑛)) = 1 ∧ ∀𝑚 ∈ 𝑀 (𝐹‘𝑚) ∥ 𝐾)) → ∏𝑚 ∈ 𝑀 (𝐹‘𝑚) ∥ 𝐾) | ||
Theorem | congr 15216* | Definition of congruence by integer multiple (see ProofWiki "Congruence (Number Theory)", 11-Jul-2021, https://proofwiki.org/wiki/Definition:Congruence_(Number_Theory)): An integer 𝐴 is congruent to an integer 𝐵 modulo 𝑀 if their difference is a multiple of 𝑀. See also the definition in [ApostolNT] p. 104: "... 𝑎 is congruent to 𝑏 modulo 𝑚, and we write 𝑎≡𝑏 (mod 𝑚) if 𝑚 divides the difference 𝑎 − 𝑏", or Wikipedia "Modular arithmetic - Congruence", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modular_arithmetic#Congruence, 11-Jul-2021,: "Given an integer n > 1, called a modulus, two integers are said to be congruent modulo n, if n is a divisor of their difference (i.e., if there is an integer k such that a-b = kn)". (Contributed by AV, 11-Jul-2021.) |
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑀 ∈ ℕ) → ((𝐴 mod 𝑀) = (𝐵 mod 𝑀) ↔ ∃𝑛 ∈ ℤ (𝑛 · 𝑀) = (𝐴 − 𝐵))) | ||
Theorem | divgcdcoprm0 15217 | Integers divided by gcd are coprime. (Contributed by AV, 12-Jul-2021.) |
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 0) → ((𝐴 / (𝐴 gcd 𝐵)) gcd (𝐵 / (𝐴 gcd 𝐵))) = 1) | ||
Theorem | divgcdcoprmex 15218* | Integers divided by gcd are coprime (see ProofWiki "Integers Divided by GCD are Coprime", 11-Jul-2021, https://proofwiki.org/wiki/Integers_Divided_by_GCD_are_Coprime): Any pair of integers, not both zero, can be reduced to a pair of coprime ones by dividing them by their gcd. (Contributed by AV, 12-Jul-2021.) |
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℤ ∧ (𝐵 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 0) ∧ 𝑀 = (𝐴 gcd 𝐵)) → ∃𝑎 ∈ ℤ ∃𝑏 ∈ ℤ (𝐴 = (𝑀 · 𝑎) ∧ 𝐵 = (𝑀 · 𝑏) ∧ (𝑎 gcd 𝑏) = 1)) | ||
Theorem | cncongr1 15219 | One direction of the bicondition in cncongr 15221. Theorem 5.4 in [ApostolNT] p. 109. (Contributed by AV, 13-Jul-2021.) |
⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℤ) ∧ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑀 = (𝑁 / (𝐶 gcd 𝑁)))) → (((𝐴 · 𝐶) mod 𝑁) = ((𝐵 · 𝐶) mod 𝑁) → (𝐴 mod 𝑀) = (𝐵 mod 𝑀))) | ||
Theorem | cncongr2 15220 | The other direction of the bicondition in cncongr 15221. (Contributed by AV, 11-Jul-2021.) |
⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℤ) ∧ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑀 = (𝑁 / (𝐶 gcd 𝑁)))) → ((𝐴 mod 𝑀) = (𝐵 mod 𝑀) → ((𝐴 · 𝐶) mod 𝑁) = ((𝐵 · 𝐶) mod 𝑁))) | ||
Theorem | cncongr 15221 | Cancellability of Congruences (see ProofWiki "Cancellability of Congruences, https://proofwiki.org/wiki/Cancellability_of_Congruences, 10-Jul-2021): Two products with a common factor are congruent modulo a positive integer iff the other factors are congruent modulo the integer divided by the greates common divisor of the integer and the common factor. See also Theorem 5.4 "Cancellation law" in [ApostolNT] p. 109. (Contributed by AV, 13-Jul-2021.) |
⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℤ) ∧ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑀 = (𝑁 / (𝐶 gcd 𝑁)))) → (((𝐴 · 𝐶) mod 𝑁) = ((𝐵 · 𝐶) mod 𝑁) ↔ (𝐴 mod 𝑀) = (𝐵 mod 𝑀))) | ||
Theorem | cncongrcoprm 15222 | Corollary 1 of Cancellability of Congruences: Two products with a common factor are congruent modulo an integer being coprime to the common factor iff the other factors are congruent modulo the integer. (Contributed by AV, 13-Jul-2021.) |
⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℤ) ∧ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐶 gcd 𝑁) = 1)) → (((𝐴 · 𝐶) mod 𝑁) = ((𝐵 · 𝐶) mod 𝑁) ↔ (𝐴 mod 𝑁) = (𝐵 mod 𝑁))) | ||
Remark: to represent odd prime numbers, i.e. all prime numbers except 2, the idiom 𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) is used. It is a little bit shorter than (𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 2). Both representations can be converted into each other by eldifsn 4260. | ||
Syntax | cprime 15223 | Extend the definition of a class to include the set of prime numbers. |
class ℙ | ||
Definition | df-prm 15224* | Define the set of prime numbers. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 22-Jun-2011.) |
⊢ ℙ = {𝑝 ∈ ℕ ∣ {𝑛 ∈ ℕ ∣ 𝑛 ∥ 𝑝} ≈ 2𝑜} | ||
Theorem | isprm 15225* | The predicate "is a prime number". A prime number is a positive integer with exactly two positive divisors. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 22-Jun-2011.) |
⊢ (𝑃 ∈ ℙ ↔ (𝑃 ∈ ℕ ∧ {𝑛 ∈ ℕ ∣ 𝑛 ∥ 𝑃} ≈ 2𝑜)) | ||
Theorem | prmnn 15226 | A prime number is a positive integer. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 22-Jun-2011.) |
⊢ (𝑃 ∈ ℙ → 𝑃 ∈ ℕ) | ||
Theorem | prmz 15227 | A prime number is an integer. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 22-Jun-2011.) (Proof shortened by Jonathan Yan, 16-Jul-2017.) |
⊢ (𝑃 ∈ ℙ → 𝑃 ∈ ℤ) | ||
Theorem | prmssnn 15228 | The prime numbers are a subset of the positive integers. (Contributed by AV, 22-Jul-2020.) |
⊢ ℙ ⊆ ℕ | ||
Theorem | prmex 15229 | The set of prime numbers exists. (Contributed by AV, 22-Jul-2020.) |
⊢ ℙ ∈ V | ||
Theorem | 1nprm 15230 | 1 is not a prime number. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 22-Jun-2011.) (Proof shortened by Fan Zheng, 3-Jul-2016.) |
⊢ ¬ 1 ∈ ℙ | ||
Theorem | 1idssfct 15231* | The positive divisors of a positive integer include 1 and itself. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 22-Jun-2011.) |
⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → {1, 𝑁} ⊆ {𝑛 ∈ ℕ ∣ 𝑛 ∥ 𝑁}) | ||
Theorem | isprm2lem 15232* | Lemma for isprm2 15233. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 22-Jun-2011.) |
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 1) → ({𝑛 ∈ ℕ ∣ 𝑛 ∥ 𝑃} ≈ 2𝑜 ↔ {𝑛 ∈ ℕ ∣ 𝑛 ∥ 𝑃} = {1, 𝑃})) | ||
Theorem | isprm2 15233* | The predicate "is a prime number". A prime number is an integer greater than or equal to 2 whose only positive divisors are 1 and itself. Definition in [ApostolNT] p. 16. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 26-Oct-2012.) |
⊢ (𝑃 ∈ ℙ ↔ (𝑃 ∈ (ℤ≥‘2) ∧ ∀𝑧 ∈ ℕ (𝑧 ∥ 𝑃 → (𝑧 = 1 ∨ 𝑧 = 𝑃)))) | ||
Theorem | isprm3 15234* | The predicate "is a prime number". A prime number is an integer greater than or equal to 2 with no divisors strictly between 1 and itself. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 26-Oct-2012.) |
⊢ (𝑃 ∈ ℙ ↔ (𝑃 ∈ (ℤ≥‘2) ∧ ∀𝑧 ∈ (2...(𝑃 − 1)) ¬ 𝑧 ∥ 𝑃)) | ||
Theorem | isprm4 15235* | The predicate "is a prime number". A prime number is an integer greater than or equal to 2 whose only divisor greater than or equal to 2 is itself. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 26-Oct-2012.) |
⊢ (𝑃 ∈ ℙ ↔ (𝑃 ∈ (ℤ≥‘2) ∧ ∀𝑧 ∈ (ℤ≥‘2)(𝑧 ∥ 𝑃 → 𝑧 = 𝑃))) | ||
Theorem | prmind2 15236* | A variation on prmind 15237 assuming complete induction for primes. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Jun-2015.) |
⊢ (𝑥 = 1 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓)) & ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜒)) & ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑧 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜃)) & ⊢ (𝑥 = (𝑦 · 𝑧) → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜏)) & ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝐴 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜂)) & ⊢ 𝜓 & ⊢ ((𝑥 ∈ ℙ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ (1...(𝑥 − 1))𝜒) → 𝜑) & ⊢ ((𝑦 ∈ (ℤ≥‘2) ∧ 𝑧 ∈ (ℤ≥‘2)) → ((𝜒 ∧ 𝜃) → 𝜏)) ⇒ ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℕ → 𝜂) | ||
Theorem | prmind 15237* | Perform induction over the multiplicative structure of ℕ. If a property 𝜑(𝑥) holds for the primes and 1 and is preserved under multiplication, then it holds for every positive integer. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Jun-2015.) |
⊢ (𝑥 = 1 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓)) & ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜒)) & ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑧 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜃)) & ⊢ (𝑥 = (𝑦 · 𝑧) → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜏)) & ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝐴 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜂)) & ⊢ 𝜓 & ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℙ → 𝜑) & ⊢ ((𝑦 ∈ (ℤ≥‘2) ∧ 𝑧 ∈ (ℤ≥‘2)) → ((𝜒 ∧ 𝜃) → 𝜏)) ⇒ ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℕ → 𝜂) | ||
Theorem | dvdsprime 15238 | If 𝑀 divides a prime, then 𝑀 is either the prime or one. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 8-Apr-2014.) |
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑀 ∈ ℕ) → (𝑀 ∥ 𝑃 ↔ (𝑀 = 𝑃 ∨ 𝑀 = 1))) | ||
Theorem | nprm 15239 | A product of two integers greater than one is composite. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Jun-2015.) |
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ (ℤ≥‘2) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (ℤ≥‘2)) → ¬ (𝐴 · 𝐵) ∈ ℙ) | ||
Theorem | nprmi 15240 | An inference for compositeness. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Feb-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 20-Jun-2015.) |
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ ℕ & ⊢ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ & ⊢ 1 < 𝐴 & ⊢ 1 < 𝐵 & ⊢ (𝐴 · 𝐵) = 𝑁 ⇒ ⊢ ¬ 𝑁 ∈ ℙ | ||
Theorem | dvdsnprmd 15241 | If a number is divisible by an integer greater than 1 and less then the number, the number is not prime. (Contributed by AV, 24-Jul-2021.) |
⊢ (𝜑 → 1 < 𝐴) & ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 < 𝑁) & ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∥ 𝑁) ⇒ ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 𝑁 ∈ ℙ) | ||
Theorem | prm2orodd 15242 | A prime number is either 2 or odd. (Contributed by AV, 19-Jun-2021.) |
⊢ (𝑃 ∈ ℙ → (𝑃 = 2 ∨ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑃)) | ||
Theorem | 2prm 15243 | 2 is a prime number. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 22-Jun-2011.) (Proof shortened by Fan Zheng, 16-Jun-2016.) |
⊢ 2 ∈ ℙ | ||
Theorem | 3prm 15244 | 3 is a prime number. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 22-Jun-2011.) |
⊢ 3 ∈ ℙ | ||
Theorem | 4nprm 15245 | 4 is not a prime number. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 22-Jun-2011.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 18-Feb-2014.) |
⊢ ¬ 4 ∈ ℙ | ||
Theorem | prmuz2 15246 | A prime number is an integer greater than or equal to 2. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 17-Nov-2012.) |
⊢ (𝑃 ∈ ℙ → 𝑃 ∈ (ℤ≥‘2)) | ||
Theorem | prmgt1 15247 | A prime number is an integer greater than 1. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 17-May-2018.) |
⊢ (𝑃 ∈ ℙ → 1 < 𝑃) | ||
Theorem | prmm2nn0 15248 | Subtracting 2 from a prime number results in a nonnegative integer. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 30-Aug-2018.) |
⊢ (𝑃 ∈ ℙ → (𝑃 − 2) ∈ ℕ0) | ||
Theorem | oddprmgt2 15249 | An odd prime is greater than 2. (Contributed by AV, 20-Aug-2021.) |
⊢ (𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) → 2 < 𝑃) | ||
Theorem | oddprmge3 15250 | An odd prime is greater than or equal to 3. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 7-Oct-2018.) (Revised by AV, 20-Aug-2021.) |
⊢ (𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) → 𝑃 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3)) | ||
Theorem | prmn2uzge3OLD 15251 | Obsolete version of oddprmge3 15250 as of 20-Aug-2021. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 7-Oct-2018.) (Proof shortened by AV, 20-Aug-2021.) (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) |
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 2) → 𝑃 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3)) | ||
Theorem | sqnprm 15252 | A square is never prime. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Jun-2015.) |
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℤ → ¬ (𝐴↑2) ∈ ℙ) | ||
Theorem | dvdsprm 15253 | An integer greater than or equal to 2 divides a prime number iff it is equal to it. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 26-Oct-2012.) |
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘2) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ ℙ) → (𝑁 ∥ 𝑃 ↔ 𝑁 = 𝑃)) | ||
Theorem | exprmfct 15254* | Every integer greater than or equal to 2 has a prime factor. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 26-Oct-2012.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 20-Jun-2015.) |
⊢ (𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘2) → ∃𝑝 ∈ ℙ 𝑝 ∥ 𝑁) | ||
Theorem | prmdvdsfz 15255* | Each integer greater than 1 and less then or equal to a fixed number is divisible by a prime less then or equal to this fixed number. (Contributed by AV, 15-Aug-2020.) |
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐼 ∈ (2...𝑁)) → ∃𝑝 ∈ ℙ (𝑝 ≤ 𝑁 ∧ 𝑝 ∥ 𝐼)) | ||
Theorem | nprmdvds1 15256 | No prime number divides 1. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 17-Nov-2012.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 2-Jul-2015.) |
⊢ (𝑃 ∈ ℙ → ¬ 𝑃 ∥ 1) | ||
Theorem | isprm5 15257* | One need only check prime divisors of 𝑃 up to √𝑃 in order to ensure primality. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Feb-2014.) |
⊢ (𝑃 ∈ ℙ ↔ (𝑃 ∈ (ℤ≥‘2) ∧ ∀𝑧 ∈ ℙ ((𝑧↑2) ≤ 𝑃 → ¬ 𝑧 ∥ 𝑃))) | ||
Theorem | isprm7 15258* | One need only check prime divisors of 𝑃 up to √𝑃 in order to ensure primality. This version of isprm5 15257 combines the primality and bound on 𝑧 into a finite interval of prime numbers. (Contributed by Steve Rodriguez, 20-Jan-2020.) |
⊢ (𝑃 ∈ ℙ ↔ (𝑃 ∈ (ℤ≥‘2) ∧ ∀𝑧 ∈ ((2...(⌊‘(√‘𝑃))) ∩ ℙ) ¬ 𝑧 ∥ 𝑃)) | ||
Theorem | maxprmfct 15259* | The set of prime factors of an integer greater than or equal to 2 satisfies the conditions to have a supremum, and that supremum is a member of the set. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 17-Nov-2012.) |
⊢ 𝑆 = {𝑧 ∈ ℙ ∣ 𝑧 ∥ 𝑁} ⇒ ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘2) → ((𝑆 ⊆ ℤ ∧ 𝑆 ≠ ∅ ∧ ∃𝑥 ∈ ℤ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑆 𝑦 ≤ 𝑥) ∧ sup(𝑆, ℝ, < ) ∈ 𝑆)) | ||
Theorem | divgcdodd 15260 | Either 𝐴 / (𝐴 gcd 𝐵) is odd or 𝐵 / (𝐴 gcd 𝐵) is odd. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 19-Apr-2014.) |
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ) → (¬ 2 ∥ (𝐴 / (𝐴 gcd 𝐵)) ∨ ¬ 2 ∥ (𝐵 / (𝐴 gcd 𝐵)))) | ||
This section is about coprimality with respect to primes, and a special version of Euclid's lemma for primes is provided, see euclemma 15263. | ||
Theorem | coprm 15261 | A prime number either divides an integer or is coprime to it, but not both. Theorem 1.8 in [ApostolNT] p. 17. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 22-Jun-2011.) |
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ) → (¬ 𝑃 ∥ 𝑁 ↔ (𝑃 gcd 𝑁) = 1)) | ||
Theorem | prmrp 15262 | Unequal prime numbers are relatively prime. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Feb-2014.) |
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑄 ∈ ℙ) → ((𝑃 gcd 𝑄) = 1 ↔ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄)) | ||
Theorem | euclemma 15263 | Euclid's lemma. A prime number divides the product of two integers iff it divides at least one of them. Theorem 1.9 in [ApostolNT] p. 17. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 17-Nov-2012.) |
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ) → (𝑃 ∥ (𝑀 · 𝑁) ↔ (𝑃 ∥ 𝑀 ∨ 𝑃 ∥ 𝑁))) | ||
Theorem | isprm6 15264* | A number is prime iff it satisfies Euclid's lemma euclemma 15263. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 6-Sep-2015.) |
⊢ (𝑃 ∈ ℙ ↔ (𝑃 ∈ (ℤ≥‘2) ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℤ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℤ (𝑃 ∥ (𝑥 · 𝑦) → (𝑃 ∥ 𝑥 ∨ 𝑃 ∥ 𝑦)))) | ||
Theorem | prmdvdsexp 15265 | A prime divides a positive power of an integer iff it divides the integer. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Feb-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 17-Jul-2014.) |
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ) → (𝑃 ∥ (𝐴↑𝑁) ↔ 𝑃 ∥ 𝐴)) | ||
Theorem | prmdvdsexpb 15266 | A prime divides a positive power of another iff they are equal. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 30-Nov-2012.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-Feb-2014.) |
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑄 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ) → (𝑃 ∥ (𝑄↑𝑁) ↔ 𝑃 = 𝑄)) | ||
Theorem | prmdvdsexpr 15267 | If a prime divides a nonnegative power of another, then they are equal. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 16-Jan-2015.) |
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑄 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0) → (𝑃 ∥ (𝑄↑𝑁) → 𝑃 = 𝑄)) | ||
Theorem | prmexpb 15268 | Two positive prime powers are equal iff the primes and the powers are equal. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 30-Nov-2012.) |
⊢ (((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑄 ∈ ℙ) ∧ (𝑀 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ)) → ((𝑃↑𝑀) = (𝑄↑𝑁) ↔ (𝑃 = 𝑄 ∧ 𝑀 = 𝑁))) | ||
Theorem | prmfac1 15269 | The factorial of a number only contains primes less than the base. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 6-Mar-2014.) |
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ 𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑃 ∥ (!‘𝑁)) → 𝑃 ≤ 𝑁) | ||
Theorem | rpexp 15270 | If two numbers 𝐴 and 𝐵 are relatively prime, then they are still relatively prime if raised to a power. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Feb-2014.) |
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ) → (((𝐴↑𝑁) gcd 𝐵) = 1 ↔ (𝐴 gcd 𝐵) = 1)) | ||
Theorem | rpexp1i 15271 | Relative primality passes to asymmetric powers. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 27-Sep-2014.) |
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑀 ∈ ℕ0) → ((𝐴 gcd 𝐵) = 1 → ((𝐴↑𝑀) gcd 𝐵) = 1)) | ||
Theorem | rpexp12i 15272 | Relative primality passes to symmetric powers. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 27-Sep-2014.) |
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℤ ∧ (𝑀 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0)) → ((𝐴 gcd 𝐵) = 1 → ((𝐴↑𝑀) gcd (𝐵↑𝑁)) = 1)) | ||
Theorem | prmndvdsfaclt 15273 | A prime number does not divide the factorial of a nonnegative integer less than the prime number. (Contributed by AV, 13-Jul-2021.) |
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0) → (𝑁 < 𝑃 → ¬ 𝑃 ∥ (!‘𝑁))) | ||
Theorem | ncoprmlnprm 15274 | If two positive integers are not coprime, the larger of them is not a prime number. (Contributed by AV, 9-Aug-2020.) |
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐴 < 𝐵) → (1 < (𝐴 gcd 𝐵) → 𝐵 ∉ ℙ)) | ||
Theorem | cncongrprm 15275 | Corollary 2 of Cancellability of Congruences: Two products with a common factor are congruent modulo a prime number not dividing the common factor iff the other factors are congruent modulo the prime number. (Contributed by AV, 13-Jul-2021.) |
⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℤ) ∧ (𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ ¬ 𝑃 ∥ 𝐶)) → (((𝐴 · 𝐶) mod 𝑃) = ((𝐵 · 𝐶) mod 𝑃) ↔ (𝐴 mod 𝑃) = (𝐵 mod 𝑃))) | ||
Theorem | isevengcd2 15276 | The predicate "is an even number". An even number and 2 have 2 as greatest common divisor. (Contributed by AV, 1-Jul-2020.) (Revised by AV, 8-Aug-2021.) |
⊢ (𝑍 ∈ ℤ → (2 ∥ 𝑍 ↔ (2 gcd 𝑍) = 2)) | ||
Theorem | isoddgcd1 15277 | The predicate "is an odd number". An odd number and 2 have 1 as greatest common divisor. (Contributed by AV, 1-Jul-2020.) (Revised by AV, 8-Aug-2021.) |
⊢ (𝑍 ∈ ℤ → (¬ 2 ∥ 𝑍 ↔ (2 gcd 𝑍) = 1)) | ||
Theorem | 3lcm2e6 15278 | The least common multiple of three and two is six. The operands are unequal primes and thus coprime, so the result is (the absolute value of) their product. (Contributed by Steve Rodriguez, 20-Jan-2020.) (Proof shortened by AV, 27-Aug-2020.) |
⊢ (3 lcm 2) = 6 | ||
Syntax | cnumer 15279 | Extend class notation to include canonical numerator function. |
class numer | ||
Syntax | cdenom 15280 | Extend class notation to include canonical denominator function. |
class denom | ||
Definition | df-numer 15281* | The canonical numerator of a rational is the numerator of the rational's reduced fraction representation (no common factors, denominator positive). (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 13-Sep-2014.) |
⊢ numer = (𝑦 ∈ ℚ ↦ (1st ‘(℩𝑥 ∈ (ℤ × ℕ)(((1st ‘𝑥) gcd (2nd ‘𝑥)) = 1 ∧ 𝑦 = ((1st ‘𝑥) / (2nd ‘𝑥)))))) | ||
Definition | df-denom 15282* | The canonical denominator of a rational is the denominator of the rational's reduced fraction representation (no common factors, denominator positive). (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 13-Sep-2014.) |
⊢ denom = (𝑦 ∈ ℚ ↦ (2nd ‘(℩𝑥 ∈ (ℤ × ℕ)(((1st ‘𝑥) gcd (2nd ‘𝑥)) = 1 ∧ 𝑦 = ((1st ‘𝑥) / (2nd ‘𝑥)))))) | ||
Theorem | qnumval 15283* | Value of the canonical numerator function. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 13-Sep-2014.) |
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℚ → (numer‘𝐴) = (1st ‘(℩𝑥 ∈ (ℤ × ℕ)(((1st ‘𝑥) gcd (2nd ‘𝑥)) = 1 ∧ 𝐴 = ((1st ‘𝑥) / (2nd ‘𝑥)))))) | ||
Theorem | qdenval 15284* | Value of the canonical denominator function. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 13-Sep-2014.) |
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℚ → (denom‘𝐴) = (2nd ‘(℩𝑥 ∈ (ℤ × ℕ)(((1st ‘𝑥) gcd (2nd ‘𝑥)) = 1 ∧ 𝐴 = ((1st ‘𝑥) / (2nd ‘𝑥)))))) | ||
Theorem | qnumdencl 15285 | Lemma for qnumcl 15286 and qdencl 15287. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 13-Sep-2014.) |
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℚ → ((numer‘𝐴) ∈ ℤ ∧ (denom‘𝐴) ∈ ℕ)) | ||
Theorem | qnumcl 15286 | The canonical numerator of a rational is an integer. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 13-Sep-2014.) |
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℚ → (numer‘𝐴) ∈ ℤ) | ||
Theorem | qdencl 15287 | The canonical denominator is a positive integer. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 13-Sep-2014.) |
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℚ → (denom‘𝐴) ∈ ℕ) | ||
Theorem | fnum 15288 | Canonical numerator defines a function. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 13-Sep-2014.) |
⊢ numer:ℚ⟶ℤ | ||
Theorem | fden 15289 | Canonical denominator defines a function. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 13-Sep-2014.) |
⊢ denom:ℚ⟶ℕ | ||
Theorem | qnumdenbi 15290 | Two numbers are the canonical representation of a rational iff they are coprime and have the right quotient. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 13-Sep-2014.) |
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℚ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℕ) → (((𝐵 gcd 𝐶) = 1 ∧ 𝐴 = (𝐵 / 𝐶)) ↔ ((numer‘𝐴) = 𝐵 ∧ (denom‘𝐴) = 𝐶))) | ||
Theorem | qnumdencoprm 15291 | The canonical representation of a rational is fully reduced. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 13-Sep-2014.) |
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℚ → ((numer‘𝐴) gcd (denom‘𝐴)) = 1) | ||
Theorem | qeqnumdivden 15292 | Recover a rational number from its canonical representation. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 13-Sep-2014.) |
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℚ → 𝐴 = ((numer‘𝐴) / (denom‘𝐴))) | ||
Theorem | qmuldeneqnum 15293 | Multiplying a rational by its denominator results in an integer. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 13-Sep-2014.) |
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℚ → (𝐴 · (denom‘𝐴)) = (numer‘𝐴)) | ||
Theorem | divnumden 15294 | Calculate the reduced form of a quotient using gcd. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 13-Sep-2014.) |
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ) → ((numer‘(𝐴 / 𝐵)) = (𝐴 / (𝐴 gcd 𝐵)) ∧ (denom‘(𝐴 / 𝐵)) = (𝐵 / (𝐴 gcd 𝐵)))) | ||
Theorem | divdenle 15295 | Reducing a quotient never increases the denominator. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 13-Sep-2014.) |
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ) → (denom‘(𝐴 / 𝐵)) ≤ 𝐵) | ||
Theorem | qnumgt0 15296 | A rational is positive iff its canonical numerator is. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 15-Sep-2014.) |
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℚ → (0 < 𝐴 ↔ 0 < (numer‘𝐴))) | ||
Theorem | qgt0numnn 15297 | A rational is positive iff its canonical numerator is a positive integer. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 15-Sep-2014.) |
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℚ ∧ 0 < 𝐴) → (numer‘𝐴) ∈ ℕ) | ||
Theorem | nn0gcdsq 15298 | Squaring commutes with GCD, in particular two coprime numbers have coprime squares. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 15-Sep-2014.) |
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ0) → ((𝐴 gcd 𝐵)↑2) = ((𝐴↑2) gcd (𝐵↑2))) | ||
Theorem | zgcdsq 15299 | nn0gcdsq 15298 extended to integers by symmetry. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 15-Sep-2014.) |
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℤ) → ((𝐴 gcd 𝐵)↑2) = ((𝐴↑2) gcd (𝐵↑2))) | ||
Theorem | numdensq 15300 | Squaring a rational squares its canonical components. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 15-Sep-2014.) |
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℚ → ((numer‘(𝐴↑2)) = ((numer‘𝐴)↑2) ∧ (denom‘(𝐴↑2)) = ((denom‘𝐴)↑2))) |
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