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Theorem List for Intuitionistic Logic Explorer - 1201-1300   *Has distinct variable group(s)
TypeLabelDescription
Statement
 
Theorem3jaodan 1201 Disjunction of 3 antecedents (deduction). (Contributed by NM, 14-Oct-2005.)
 |-  ( ( ph  /\  ps )  ->  ch )   &    |-  ( ( ph  /\ 
 th )  ->  ch )   &    |-  (
 ( ph  /\  ta )  ->  ch )   =>    |-  ( ( ph  /\  ( ps  \/  th  \/  ta ) )  ->  ch )
 
Theoremmpjao3dan 1202 Eliminate a 3-way disjunction in a deduction. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 13-Apr-2018.)
 |-  ( ( ph  /\  ps )  ->  ch )   &    |-  ( ( ph  /\ 
 th )  ->  ch )   &    |-  (
 ( ph  /\  ta )  ->  ch )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  ( ps  \/  th  \/  ta ) )   =>    |-  ( ph  ->  ch )
 
Theorem3jaao 1203 Inference conjoining and disjoining the antecedents of three implications. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 15-Aug-2009.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 13-May-2011.)
 |-  ( ph  ->  ( ps  ->  ch ) )   &    |-  ( th  ->  ( ta  ->  ch ) )   &    |-  ( et  ->  ( ze  ->  ch )
 )   =>    |-  ( ( ph  /\  th  /\ 
 et )  ->  (
 ( ps  \/  ta  \/  ze )  ->  ch )
 )
 
Theorem3ianorr 1204 Triple disjunction implies negated triple conjunction. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 23-Dec-2018.)
 |-  ( ( -.  ph  \/  -.  ps  \/  -.  ch )  ->  -.  ( ph  /\  ps  /\  ch ) )
 
Theoremsyl3an9b 1205 Nested syllogism inference conjoining 3 dissimilar antecedents. (Contributed by NM, 1-May-1995.)
 |-  ( ph  ->  ( ps 
 <->  ch ) )   &    |-  ( th  ->  ( ch  <->  ta ) )   &    |-  ( et  ->  ( ta  <->  ze ) )   =>    |-  ( ( ph  /\ 
 th  /\  et )  ->  ( ps  <->  ze ) )
 
Theorem3orbi123d 1206 Deduction joining 3 equivalences to form equivalence of disjunctions. (Contributed by NM, 20-Apr-1994.)
 |-  ( ph  ->  ( ps 
 <->  ch ) )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  ( th  <->  ta ) )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  ( et  <->  ze ) )   =>    |-  ( ph  ->  ( ( ps  \/  th  \/  et )  <->  ( ch  \/  ta 
 \/  ze ) ) )
 
Theorem3anbi123d 1207 Deduction joining 3 equivalences to form equivalence of conjunctions. (Contributed by NM, 22-Apr-1994.)
 |-  ( ph  ->  ( ps 
 <->  ch ) )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  ( th  <->  ta ) )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  ( et  <->  ze ) )   =>    |-  ( ph  ->  ( ( ps  /\  th  /\ 
 et )  <->  ( ch  /\  ta 
 /\  ze ) ) )
 
Theorem3anbi12d 1208 Deduction conjoining and adding a conjunct to equivalences. (Contributed by NM, 8-Sep-2006.)
 |-  ( ph  ->  ( ps 
 <->  ch ) )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  ( th  <->  ta ) )   =>    |-  ( ph  ->  ( ( ps  /\  th  /\ 
 et )  <->  ( ch  /\  ta 
 /\  et ) ) )
 
Theorem3anbi13d 1209 Deduction conjoining and adding a conjunct to equivalences. (Contributed by NM, 8-Sep-2006.)
 |-  ( ph  ->  ( ps 
 <->  ch ) )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  ( th  <->  ta ) )   =>    |-  ( ph  ->  ( ( ps  /\  et  /\ 
 th )  <->  ( ch  /\  et  /\  ta ) ) )
 
Theorem3anbi23d 1210 Deduction conjoining and adding a conjunct to equivalences. (Contributed by NM, 8-Sep-2006.)
 |-  ( ph  ->  ( ps 
 <->  ch ) )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  ( th  <->  ta ) )   =>    |-  ( ph  ->  ( ( et  /\  ps  /\ 
 th )  <->  ( et  /\  ch 
 /\  ta ) ) )
 
Theorem3anbi1d 1211 Deduction adding conjuncts to an equivalence. (Contributed by NM, 8-Sep-2006.)
 |-  ( ph  ->  ( ps 
 <->  ch ) )   =>    |-  ( ph  ->  ( ( ps  /\  th  /\ 
 ta )  <->  ( ch  /\  th 
 /\  ta ) ) )
 
Theorem3anbi2d 1212 Deduction adding conjuncts to an equivalence. (Contributed by NM, 8-Sep-2006.)
 |-  ( ph  ->  ( ps 
 <->  ch ) )   =>    |-  ( ph  ->  ( ( th  /\  ps  /\ 
 ta )  <->  ( th  /\  ch 
 /\  ta ) ) )
 
Theorem3anbi3d 1213 Deduction adding conjuncts to an equivalence. (Contributed by NM, 8-Sep-2006.)
 |-  ( ph  ->  ( ps 
 <->  ch ) )   =>    |-  ( ph  ->  ( ( th  /\  ta  /\ 
 ps )  <->  ( th  /\  ta 
 /\  ch ) ) )
 
Theorem3anim123d 1214 Deduction joining 3 implications to form implication of conjunctions. (Contributed by NM, 24-Feb-2005.)
 |-  ( ph  ->  ( ps  ->  ch ) )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  ( th  ->  ta ) )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  ( et  ->  ze )
 )   =>    |-  ( ph  ->  (
 ( ps  /\  th  /\ 
 et )  ->  ( ch  /\  ta  /\  ze ) ) )
 
Theorem3orim123d 1215 Deduction joining 3 implications to form implication of disjunctions. (Contributed by NM, 4-Apr-1997.)
 |-  ( ph  ->  ( ps  ->  ch ) )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  ( th  ->  ta ) )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  ( et  ->  ze )
 )   =>    |-  ( ph  ->  (
 ( ps  \/  th  \/  et )  ->  ( ch  \/  ta  \/  ze ) ) )
 
Theoreman6 1216 Rearrangement of 6 conjuncts. (Contributed by NM, 13-Mar-1995.)
 |-  ( ( ( ph  /\ 
 ps  /\  ch )  /\  ( th  /\  ta  /\ 
 et ) )  <->  ( ( ph  /\ 
 th )  /\  ( ps  /\  ta )  /\  ( ch  /\  et )
 ) )
 
Theorem3an6 1217 Analog of an4 520 for triple conjunction. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 16-Mar-2011.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 25-May-2011.)
 |-  ( ( ( ph  /\ 
 ps )  /\  ( ch  /\  th )  /\  ( ta  /\  et )
 ) 
 <->  ( ( ph  /\  ch  /\ 
 ta )  /\  ( ps  /\  th  /\  et ) ) )
 
Theorem3or6 1218 Analog of or4 688 for triple conjunction. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 16-Mar-2011.)
 |-  ( ( ( ph  \/  ps )  \/  ( ch  \/  th )  \/  ( ta  \/  et ) )  <->  ( ( ph  \/  ch  \/  ta )  \/  ( ps  \/  th  \/  et ) ) )
 
Theoremmp3an1 1219 An inference based on modus ponens. (Contributed by NM, 21-Nov-1994.)
 |-  ph   &    |-  ( ( ph  /\  ps  /\ 
 ch )  ->  th )   =>    |-  (
 ( ps  /\  ch )  ->  th )
 
Theoremmp3an2 1220 An inference based on modus ponens. (Contributed by NM, 21-Nov-1994.)
 |- 
 ps   &    |-  ( ( ph  /\  ps  /\ 
 ch )  ->  th )   =>    |-  (
 ( ph  /\  ch )  ->  th )
 
Theoremmp3an3 1221 An inference based on modus ponens. (Contributed by NM, 21-Nov-1994.)
 |- 
 ch   &    |-  ( ( ph  /\  ps  /\ 
 ch )  ->  th )   =>    |-  (
 ( ph  /\  ps )  ->  th )
 
Theoremmp3an12 1222 An inference based on modus ponens. (Contributed by NM, 13-Jul-2005.)
 |-  ph   &    |- 
 ps   &    |-  ( ( ph  /\  ps  /\ 
 ch )  ->  th )   =>    |-  ( ch  ->  th )
 
Theoremmp3an13 1223 An inference based on modus ponens. (Contributed by NM, 14-Jul-2005.)
 |-  ph   &    |- 
 ch   &    |-  ( ( ph  /\  ps  /\ 
 ch )  ->  th )   =>    |-  ( ps  ->  th )
 
Theoremmp3an23 1224 An inference based on modus ponens. (Contributed by NM, 14-Jul-2005.)
 |- 
 ps   &    |- 
 ch   &    |-  ( ( ph  /\  ps  /\ 
 ch )  ->  th )   =>    |-  ( ph  ->  th )
 
Theoremmp3an1i 1225 An inference based on modus ponens. (Contributed by NM, 5-Jul-2005.)
 |- 
 ps   &    |-  ( ph  ->  (
 ( ps  /\  ch  /\ 
 th )  ->  ta )
 )   =>    |-  ( ph  ->  (
 ( ch  /\  th )  ->  ta ) )
 
Theoremmp3anl1 1226 An inference based on modus ponens. (Contributed by NM, 24-Feb-2005.)
 |-  ph   &    |-  ( ( ( ph  /\ 
 ps  /\  ch )  /\  th )  ->  ta )   =>    |-  (
 ( ( ps  /\  ch )  /\  th )  ->  ta )
 
Theoremmp3anl2 1227 An inference based on modus ponens. (Contributed by NM, 24-Feb-2005.)
 |- 
 ps   &    |-  ( ( ( ph  /\ 
 ps  /\  ch )  /\  th )  ->  ta )   =>    |-  (
 ( ( ph  /\  ch )  /\  th )  ->  ta )
 
Theoremmp3anl3 1228 An inference based on modus ponens. (Contributed by NM, 24-Feb-2005.)
 |- 
 ch   &    |-  ( ( ( ph  /\ 
 ps  /\  ch )  /\  th )  ->  ta )   =>    |-  (
 ( ( ph  /\  ps )  /\  th )  ->  ta )
 
Theoremmp3anr1 1229 An inference based on modus ponens. (Contributed by NM, 4-Nov-2006.)
 |- 
 ps   &    |-  ( ( ph  /\  ( ps  /\  ch  /\  th ) )  ->  ta )   =>    |-  (
 ( ph  /\  ( ch 
 /\  th ) )  ->  ta )
 
Theoremmp3anr2 1230 An inference based on modus ponens. (Contributed by NM, 24-Nov-2006.)
 |- 
 ch   &    |-  ( ( ph  /\  ( ps  /\  ch  /\  th ) )  ->  ta )   =>    |-  (
 ( ph  /\  ( ps 
 /\  th ) )  ->  ta )
 
Theoremmp3anr3 1231 An inference based on modus ponens. (Contributed by NM, 19-Oct-2007.)
 |- 
 th   &    |-  ( ( ph  /\  ( ps  /\  ch  /\  th ) )  ->  ta )   =>    |-  (
 ( ph  /\  ( ps 
 /\  ch ) )  ->  ta )
 
Theoremmp3an 1232 An inference based on modus ponens. (Contributed by NM, 14-May-1999.)
 |-  ph   &    |- 
 ps   &    |- 
 ch   &    |-  ( ( ph  /\  ps  /\ 
 ch )  ->  th )   =>    |-  th
 
Theoremmpd3an3 1233 An inference based on modus ponens. (Contributed by NM, 8-Nov-2007.)
 |-  ( ( ph  /\  ps )  ->  ch )   &    |-  ( ( ph  /\ 
 ps  /\  ch )  ->  th )   =>    |-  ( ( ph  /\  ps )  ->  th )
 
Theoremmpd3an23 1234 An inference based on modus ponens. (Contributed by NM, 4-Dec-2006.)
 |-  ( ph  ->  ps )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  ch )   &    |-  ( ( ph  /\ 
 ps  /\  ch )  ->  th )   =>    |-  ( ph  ->  th )
 
Theorembiimp3a 1235 Infer implication from a logical equivalence. Similar to biimpa 280. (Contributed by NM, 4-Sep-2005.)
 |-  ( ( ph  /\  ps )  ->  ( ch  <->  th ) )   =>    |-  ( ( ph  /\ 
 ps  /\  ch )  ->  th )
 
Theorembiimp3ar 1236 Infer implication from a logical equivalence. Similar to biimpar 281. (Contributed by NM, 2-Jan-2009.)
 |-  ( ( ph  /\  ps )  ->  ( ch  <->  th ) )   =>    |-  ( ( ph  /\ 
 ps  /\  th )  ->  ch )
 
Theorem3anandis 1237 Inference that undistributes a triple conjunction in the antecedent. (Contributed by NM, 18-Apr-2007.)
 |-  ( ( ( ph  /\ 
 ps )  /\  ( ph  /\  ch )  /\  ( ph  /\  th )
 )  ->  ta )   =>    |-  (
 ( ph  /\  ( ps 
 /\  ch  /\  th )
 )  ->  ta )
 
Theorem3anandirs 1238 Inference that undistributes a triple conjunction in the antecedent. (Contributed by NM, 25-Jul-2006.) (Revised by NM, 18-Apr-2007.)
 |-  ( ( ( ph  /\ 
 th )  /\  ( ps  /\  th )  /\  ( ch  /\  th )
 )  ->  ta )   =>    |-  (
 ( ( ph  /\  ps  /\ 
 ch )  /\  th )  ->  ta )
 
Theoremecased 1239 Deduction form of disjunctive syllogism. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 9-Dec-2017.)
 |-  ( ph  ->  -.  ch )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  ( ps  \/  ch ) )   =>    |-  ( ph  ->  ps )
 
Theoremecase23d 1240 Variation of ecased 1239 with three disjuncts instead of two. (Contributed by NM, 22-Apr-1994.) (Revised by Jim Kingdon, 9-Dec-2017.)
 |-  ( ph  ->  -.  ch )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  -.  th )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  ( ps  \/  ch  \/  th ) )   =>    |-  ( ph  ->  ps )
 
1.2.13  True and false constants
 
1.2.13.1  Universal quantifier for use by df-tru

Even though it isn't ordinarily part of propositional calculus, the universal quantifier  A. is introduced here so that the soundness of definition df-tru 1246 can be checked by the same algorithm that is used for predicate calculus. Its first real use is in axiom ax-5 1336 in the predicate calculus section below. For those who want propositional calculus to be self-contained i.e. to use wff variables only, the alternate definition dftru2 1251 may be adopted and this subsection moved down to the start of the subsection with wex 1381 below. However, the use of dftru2 1251 as a definition requires a more elaborate definition checking algorithm that we prefer to avoid.

 
Syntaxwal 1241 Extend wff definition to include the universal quantifier ('for all').  A. x ph is read " ph (phi) is true for all  x." Typically, in its final application 
ph would be replaced with a wff containing a (free) occurrence of the variable  x, for example  x  =  y. In a universe with a finite number of objects, "for all" is equivalent to a big conjunction (AND) with one wff for each possible case of  x. When the universe is infinite (as with set theory), such a propositional-calculus equivalent is not possible because an infinitely long formula has no meaning, but conceptually the idea is the same.
 wff  A. x ph
 
1.2.13.2  Equality predicate for use by df-tru

Even though it isn't ordinarily part of propositional calculus, the equality predicate  = is introduced here so that the soundness of definition df-tru 1246 can be checked by the same algorithm as is used for predicate calculus. Its first real use is in axiom ax-8 1395 in the predicate calculus section below. For those who want propositional calculus to be self-contained i.e. to use wff variables only, the alternate definition dftru2 1251 may be adopted and this subsection moved down to just above weq 1392 below. However, the use of dftru2 1251 as a definition requires a more elaborate definition checking algorithm that we prefer to avoid.

 
Syntaxcv 1242 This syntax construction states that a variable  x, which has been declared to be a setvar variable by $f statement vx, is also a class expression. This can be justified informally as follows. We know that the class builder  { y  |  y  e.  x } is a class by cab 2026. Since (when  y is distinct from  x) we have  x  =  { y  |  y  e.  x } by cvjust 2035, we can argue that the syntax " class  x " can be viewed as an abbreviation for "
class  { y  |  y  e.  x }". See the discussion under the definition of class in [Jech] p. 4 showing that "Every set can be considered to be a class."

While it is tempting and perhaps occasionally useful to view cv 1242 as a "type conversion" from a setvar variable to a class variable, keep in mind that cv 1242 is intrinsically no different from any other class-building syntax such as cab 2026, cun 2915, or c0 3224.

For a general discussion of the theory of classes and the role of cv 1242, see http://us.metamath.org/mpeuni/mmset.html#class.

(The description above applies to set theory, not predicate calculus. The purpose of introducing  class  x here, and not in set theory where it belongs, is to allow us to express i.e. "prove" the weq 1392 of predicate calculus from the wceq 1243 of set theory, so that we don't overload the  = connective with two syntax definitions. This is done to prevent ambiguity that would complicate some Metamath parsers.)

 class  x
 
Syntaxwceq 1243 Extend wff definition to include class equality.

For a general discussion of the theory of classes, see http://us.metamath.org/mpeuni/mmset.html#class.

(The purpose of introducing 
wff  A  =  B here, and not in set theory where it belongs, is to allow us to express i.e. "prove" the weq 1392 of predicate calculus in terms of the wceq 1243 of set theory, so that we don't "overload" the  = connective with two syntax definitions. This is done to prevent ambiguity that would complicate some Metamath parsers. For example, some parsers - although not the Metamath program - stumble on the fact that the  = in  x  =  y could be the  = of either weq 1392 or wceq 1243, although mathematically it makes no difference. The class variables  A and  B are introduced temporarily for the purpose of this definition but otherwise not used in predicate calculus. See df-cleq 2033 for more information on the set theory usage of wceq 1243.)

 wff  A  =  B
 
1.2.13.3  Define the true and false constants
 
Syntaxwtru 1244 T. is a wff.
 wff T.
 
Theoremtrujust 1245 Soundness justification theorem for df-tru 1246. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 17-Nov-2013.) (Revised by NM, 11-Jul-2019.)
 |-  ( ( A. x  x  =  x  ->  A. x  x  =  x )  <->  ( A. y  y  =  y  ->  A. y  y  =  y ) )
 
Definitiondf-tru 1246 Definition of the truth value "true", or "verum", denoted by T.. This is a tautology, as proved by tru 1247. In this definition, an instance of id 19 is used as the definiens, although any tautology, such as an axiom, can be used in its place. This particular id 19 instance was chosen so this definition can be checked by the same algorithm that is used for predicate calculus. This definition should be referenced directly only by tru 1247, and other proofs should depend on tru 1247 (directly or indirectly) instead of this definition, since there are many alternative ways to define T.. (Contributed by Anthony Hart, 13-Oct-2010.) (Revised by NM, 11-Jul-2019.) (New usage is discouraged.)
 |-  ( T.  <->  ( A. x  x  =  x  ->  A. x  x  =  x ) )
 
Theoremtru 1247 The truth value T. is provable. (Contributed by Anthony Hart, 13-Oct-2010.)
 |- T.
 
Syntaxwfal 1248 F. is a wff.
 wff F.
 
Definitiondf-fal 1249 Definition of the truth value "false", or "falsum", denoted by F.. See also df-tru 1246. (Contributed by Anthony Hart, 22-Oct-2010.)
 |-  ( F.  <->  -. T.  )
 
Theoremfal 1250 The truth value F. is refutable. (Contributed by Anthony Hart, 22-Oct-2010.) (Proof shortened by Mel L. O'Cat, 11-Mar-2012.)
 |- 
 -. F.
 
Theoremdftru2 1251 An alternate definition of "true". (Contributed by Anthony Hart, 13-Oct-2010.) (Revised by BJ, 12-Jul-2019.) (New usage is discouraged.)
 |-  ( T.  <->  ( ph  ->  ph ) )
 
Theoremtrud 1252 Eliminate T. as an antecedent. A proposition implied by T. is true. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 13-Mar-2014.)
 |-  ( T.  ->  ph )   =>    |-  ph
 
Theoremtbtru 1253 A proposition is equivalent to itself being equivalent to T.. (Contributed by Anthony Hart, 14-Aug-2011.)
 |-  ( ph  <->  ( ph  <-> T.  ) )
 
Theoremnbfal 1254 The negation of a proposition is equivalent to itself being equivalent to F.. (Contributed by Anthony Hart, 14-Aug-2011.)
 |-  ( -.  ph  <->  ( ph  <-> F.  ) )
 
Theorembitru 1255 A theorem is equivalent to truth. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-May-2015.)
 |-  ph   =>    |-  ( ph  <-> T.  )
 
Theorembifal 1256 A contradiction is equivalent to falsehood. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-May-2015.)
 |- 
 -.  ph   =>    |-  ( ph  <-> F.  )
 
Theoremfalim 1257 The truth value F. implies anything. Also called the principle of explosion, or "ex falso quodlibet". (Contributed by FL, 20-Mar-2011.) (Proof shortened by Anthony Hart, 1-Aug-2011.)
 |-  ( F.  ->  ph )
 
Theoremfalimd 1258 The truth value F. implies anything. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Feb-2017.)
 |-  ( ( ph  /\ F.  )  ->  ps )
 
Theorema1tru 1259 Anything implies T.. (Contributed by FL, 20-Mar-2011.) (Proof shortened by Anthony Hart, 1-Aug-2011.)
 |-  ( ph  -> T.  )
 
Theoremtruan 1260 True can be removed from a conjunction. (Contributed by FL, 20-Mar-2011.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 21-Jul-2019.)
 |-  ( ( T.  /\  ph )  <->  ph )
 
TheoremtruanOLD 1261 Obsolete proof of truan 1260 as of 21-Jul-2019. (Contributed by FL, 20-Mar-2011.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (New usage is discouraged.)
 |-  ( ( T.  /\  ph )  <->  ph )
 
Theoremdfnot 1262 Given falsum, we can define the negation of a wff  ph as the statement that a contradiction follows from assuming  ph. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Feb-2017.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 21-Jul-2019.)
 |-  ( -.  ph  <->  ( ph  -> F.  ) )
 
Theoreminegd 1263 Negation introduction rule from natural deduction. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Feb-2017.)
 |-  ( ( ph  /\  ps )  -> F.  )   =>    |-  ( ph  ->  -. 
 ps )
 
Theorempm2.21fal 1264 If a wff and its negation are provable, then falsum is provable. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Feb-2017.)
 |-  ( ph  ->  ps )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  -.  ps )   =>    |-  ( ph  -> F.  )
 
Theorempclem6 1265 Negation inferred from embedded conjunct. (Contributed by NM, 20-Aug-1993.) (Proof rewritten by Jim Kingdon, 4-May-2018.)
 |-  ( ( ph  <->  ( ps  /\  -.  ph ) )  ->  -.  ps )
 
1.2.14  Logical 'xor'
 
Syntaxwxo 1266 Extend wff definition to include exclusive disjunction ('xor').
 wff  ( ph  \/_  ps )
 
Definitiondf-xor 1267 Define exclusive disjunction (logical 'xor'). Return true if either the left or right, but not both, are true. Contrast with  /\ (wa 97),  \/ (wo 629), and  -> (wi 4) . (Contributed by FL, 22-Nov-2010.) (Modified by Jim Kingdon, 1-Mar-2018.)
 |-  ( ( ph  \/_  ps ) 
 <->  ( ( ph  \/  ps )  /\  -.  ( ph  /\  ps ) ) )
 
Theoremxoranor 1268 One way of defining exclusive or. Equivalent to df-xor 1267. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon and Mario Carneiro, 1-Mar-2018.)
 |-  ( ( ph  \/_  ps ) 
 <->  ( ( ph  \/  ps )  /\  ( -.  ph  \/  -.  ps )
 ) )
 
Theoremexcxor 1269 This tautology shows that xor is really exclusive. (Contributed by FL, 22-Nov-2010.) (Proof rewritten by Jim Kingdon, 5-May-2018.)
 |-  ( ( ph  \/_  ps ) 
 <->  ( ( ph  /\  -.  ps )  \/  ( -.  ph  /\  ps ) ) )
 
Theoremxoror 1270 XOR implies OR. (Contributed by BJ, 19-Apr-2019.)
 |-  ( ( ph  \/_  ps )  ->  ( ph  \/  ps ) )
 
Theoremxorbi2d 1271 Deduction joining an equivalence and a left operand to form equivalence of exclusive-or. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 7-Oct-2018.)
 |-  ( ph  ->  ( ps 
 <->  ch ) )   =>    |-  ( ph  ->  ( ( th  \/_  ps ) 
 <->  ( th  \/_  ch ) ) )
 
Theoremxorbi1d 1272 Deduction joining an equivalence and a right operand to form equivalence of exclusive-or. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 7-Oct-2018.)
 |-  ( ph  ->  ( ps 
 <->  ch ) )   =>    |-  ( ph  ->  ( ( ps  \/_  th )  <->  ( ch  \/_  th )
 ) )
 
Theoremxorbi12d 1273 Deduction joining two equivalences to form equivalence of exclusive-or. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 7-Oct-2018.)
 |-  ( ph  ->  ( ps 
 <->  ch ) )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  ( th  <->  ta ) )   =>    |-  ( ph  ->  ( ( ps  \/_  th )  <->  ( ch  \/_  ta )
 ) )
 
Theoremxorbi12i 1274 Equality property for XOR. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 4-Sep-2016.)
 |-  ( ph  <->  ps )   &    |-  ( ch  <->  th )   =>    |-  ( ( ph  \/_  ch ) 
 <->  ( ps  \/_  th )
 )
 
Theoremxorbin 1275 A consequence of exclusive or. In classical logic the converse also holds. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 8-Mar-2018.)
 |-  ( ( ph  \/_  ps )  ->  ( ph  <->  -.  ps ) )
 
Theorempm5.18im 1276 One direction of pm5.18dc 777, which holds for all propositions, not just decidable propositions. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 10-Mar-2018.)
 |-  ( ( ph  <->  ps )  ->  -.  ( ph 
 <->  -.  ps ) )
 
Theoremxornbi 1277 A consequence of exclusive or. For decidable propositions this is an equivalence, as seen at xornbidc 1282. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 10-Mar-2018.)
 |-  ( ( ph  \/_  ps )  ->  -.  ( ph  <->  ps ) )
 
Theoremxor3dc 1278 Two ways to express "exclusive or" between decidable propositions. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 12-Apr-2018.)
 |-  (DECID 
 ph  ->  (DECID 
 ps  ->  ( -.  ( ph 
 <->  ps )  <->  ( ph  <->  -.  ps ) ) ) )
 
Theoremxorcom 1279  \/_ is commutative. (Contributed by David A. Wheeler, 6-Oct-2018.)
 |-  ( ( ph  \/_  ps ) 
 <->  ( ps  \/_  ph )
 )
 
Theorempm5.15dc 1280 A decidable proposition is equivalent to a decidable proposition or its negation. Based on theorem *5.15 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 124. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 18-Apr-2018.)
 |-  (DECID 
 ph  ->  (DECID 
 ps  ->  ( ( ph  <->  ps )  \/  ( ph  <->  -.  ps ) ) ) )
 
Theoremxor2dc 1281 Two ways to express "exclusive or" between decidable propositions. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 17-Apr-2018.)
 |-  (DECID 
 ph  ->  (DECID 
 ps  ->  ( -.  ( ph 
 <->  ps )  <->  ( ( ph  \/  ps )  /\  -.  ( ph  /\  ps )
 ) ) ) )
 
Theoremxornbidc 1282 Exclusive or is equivalent to negated biconditional for decidable propositions. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 27-Apr-2018.)
 |-  (DECID 
 ph  ->  (DECID 
 ps  ->  ( ( ph  \/_ 
 ps )  <->  -.  ( ph  <->  ps ) ) ) )
 
Theoremxordc 1283 Two ways to express "exclusive or" between decidable propositions. Theorem *5.22 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 124, but for decidable propositions. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 5-May-2018.)
 |-  (DECID 
 ph  ->  (DECID 
 ps  ->  ( -.  ( ph 
 <->  ps )  <->  ( ( ph  /\ 
 -.  ps )  \/  ( ps  /\  -.  ph )
 ) ) ) )
 
Theoremxordc1 1284 Exclusive or implies the left proposition is decidable. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 12-Mar-2018.)
 |-  ( ( ph  \/_  ps )  -> DECID  ph )
 
Theoremnbbndc 1285 Move negation outside of biconditional, for decidable propositions. Compare Theorem *5.18 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 124. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 18-Apr-2018.)
 |-  (DECID 
 ph  ->  (DECID 
 ps  ->  ( ( -.  ph 
 <->  ps )  <->  -.  ( ph  <->  ps ) ) ) )
 
Theorembiassdc 1286 Associative law for the biconditional, for decidable propositions.

The classical version (without the decidability conditions) is an axiom of system DS in Vladimir Lifschitz, "On calculational proofs", Annals of Pure and Applied Logic, 113:207-224, 2002, http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/ai-lab/pub-view.php?PubID=26805, and, interestingly, was not included in Principia Mathematica but was apparently first noted by Jan Lukasiewicz circa 1923. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 4-May-2018.)

 |-  (DECID 
 ph  ->  (DECID 
 ps  ->  (DECID 
 ch  ->  ( ( (
 ph 
 <->  ps )  <->  ch )  <->  ( ph  <->  ( ps  <->  ch ) ) ) ) ) )
 
Theorembilukdc 1287 Lukasiewicz's shortest axiom for equivalential calculus (but modified to require decidable propositions). Storrs McCall, ed., Polish Logic 1920-1939 (Oxford, 1967), p. 96. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 5-May-2018.)
 |-  ( ( (DECID  ph  /\ DECID  ps )  /\ DECID  ch )  ->  ( ( ph 
 <->  ps )  <->  ( ( ch  <->  ps )  <->  ( ph  <->  ch ) ) ) )
 
Theoremdfbi3dc 1288 An alternate definition of the biconditional for decidable propositions. Theorem *5.23 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 124, but with decidability conditions. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 5-May-2018.)
 |-  (DECID 
 ph  ->  (DECID 
 ps  ->  ( ( ph  <->  ps ) 
 <->  ( ( ph  /\  ps )  \/  ( -.  ph  /\ 
 -.  ps ) ) ) ) )
 
Theorempm5.24dc 1289 Theorem *5.24 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 124, but for decidable propositions. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 5-May-2018.)
 |-  (DECID 
 ph  ->  (DECID 
 ps  ->  ( -.  (
 ( ph  /\  ps )  \/  ( -.  ph  /\  -.  ps ) )  <->  ( ( ph  /\ 
 -.  ps )  \/  ( ps  /\  -.  ph )
 ) ) ) )
 
Theoremxordidc 1290 Conjunction distributes over exclusive-or, for decidable propositions. This is one way to interpret the distributive law of multiplication over addition in modulo 2 arithmetic. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 14-Jul-2018.)
 |-  (DECID 
 ph  ->  (DECID 
 ps  ->  (DECID 
 ch  ->  ( ( ph  /\  ( ps  \/_  ch ) )  <->  ( ( ph  /\ 
 ps )  \/_  ( ph  /\  ch ) ) ) ) ) )
 
Theoremanxordi 1291 Conjunction distributes over exclusive-or. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro and Jim Kingdon, 7-Oct-2018.)
 |-  ( ( ph  /\  ( ps  \/_  ch ) )  <-> 
 ( ( ph  /\  ps )  \/_  ( ph  /\  ch ) ) )
 
1.2.15  Truth tables: Operations on true and false constants

For classical logic, truth tables can be used to define propositional logic operations, by showing the results of those operations for all possible combinations of true (T.) and false (F.).

Although the intuitionistic logic connectives are not as simply defined, T. and F. do play similar roles as in classical logic and most theorems from classical logic continue to hold.

Here we show that our definitions and axioms produce equivalent results for T. and F. as we would get from truth tables for  /\ (conjunction aka logical 'and') wa 97,  \/ (disjunction aka logical inclusive 'or') wo 629,  -> (implies) wi 4,  -. (not) wn 3,  <-> (logical equivalence) df-bi 110, and  \/_ (exclusive or) df-xor 1267.

 
Theoremtruantru 1292 A  /\ identity. (Contributed by Anthony Hart, 22-Oct-2010.)
 |-  ( ( T.  /\ T.  )  <-> T.  )
 
Theoremtruanfal 1293 A  /\ identity. (Contributed by Anthony Hart, 22-Oct-2010.)
 |-  ( ( T.  /\ F.  )  <-> F.  )
 
Theoremfalantru 1294 A  /\ identity. (Contributed by David A. Wheeler, 23-Feb-2018.)
 |-  ( ( F.  /\ T.  )  <-> F.  )
 
Theoremfalanfal 1295 A  /\ identity. (Contributed by Anthony Hart, 22-Oct-2010.)
 |-  ( ( F.  /\ F.  )  <-> F.  )
 
Theoremtruortru 1296 A  \/ identity. (Contributed by Anthony Hart, 22-Oct-2010.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 13-May-2011.)
 |-  ( ( T.  \/ T.  )  <-> T.  )
 
Theoremtruorfal 1297 A  \/ identity. (Contributed by Anthony Hart, 22-Oct-2010.)
 |-  ( ( T.  \/ F.  )  <-> T.  )
 
Theoremfalortru 1298 A  \/ identity. (Contributed by Anthony Hart, 22-Oct-2010.)
 |-  ( ( F.  \/ T.  )  <-> T.  )
 
Theoremfalorfal 1299 A  \/ identity. (Contributed by Anthony Hart, 22-Oct-2010.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 13-May-2011.)
 |-  ( ( F.  \/ F.  )  <-> F.  )
 
Theoremtruimtru 1300 A  -> identity. (Contributed by Anthony Hart, 22-Oct-2010.)
 |-  ( ( T.  -> T.  )  <-> T.  )
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